Each year, many British Columbians are injured by dog bites. They are often unexpected and in familiar neighbourhoods or parks. As lawyers serving clients across British Columbia, we regularly receive questions like:
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“Who’s responsible if a dog bites someone?”
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“Do I have to report a dog bite in BC?”
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“Can I sue for a dog bite injury?”
If you or a loved one has been bitten by a dog, or if you’re a dog owner concerned about your responsibilities, this post offers clear and practical information about your legal rights and obligations under BC law.
The Basics: Who Is Legally Responsible for a Dog Bite?
In British Columbia, the law recognises that a dog owner can be held strictly liable or negligent if their dog injures someone. There are two main legal principles used in dog bite cases:
1. The “Scienter” Doctrine
This is a common law principle which holds a dog owner liable if they knew or ought to have known their dog had a history of aggression. If a dog had previously bitten someone or shown dangerous behaviour, and the owner failed to take reasonable precautions, the injured party may sue based on this doctrine.
2. Negligence
Even without prior incidents, a dog owner may be held responsible if their lack of reasonable care contributed to the attack. For example, letting a dog off-leash in an area where it’s not permitted, or ignoring leash bylaws, could be considered negligent.
What to Do If You’ve Been Bitten by a Dog in BC
If you’ve suffered a dog bite or attack, here are the steps to protect your health and your potential legal claim:
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Seek Medical Attention Immediately – Even seemingly minor bites can become infected.
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Report the Incident – Contact your local animal control office, which can initiate an investigation and potentially issue orders or restrictions for the dog. For example, in Vancouver, bites must be reported to Animal Services.
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Document Everything – Take photos of your injuries, obtain witness statements, and gather information about the dog and its owner.
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Consult a Personal Injury Lawyer – Dog bite claims can involve complex legal issues and insurance negotiations.
Can I Sue for a Dog Bite in British Columbia?
Yes, if you were injured by a dog in BC and suffered physical or psychological harm, you may be entitled to compensation. A successful claim can help cover:
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Medical expenses
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Lost wages
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Pain and suffering
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Emotional trauma
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Future care costs
It’s important to act quickly. There are limitation periods (deadlines) that apply to personal injury claims in British Columbia — typically two years from the date of the incident. Learn more about the BC Limitation Act here.
What About Dog Owners? Know Your Responsibilities
As a dog owner in British Columbia, it’s your responsibility to prevent your dog from harming others. That includes:
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Complying with local leash laws and bylaws
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Supervising your dog in public and private settings
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Taking reasonable steps if your dog has shown past signs of aggression
If your dog bites someone, you may be responsible not only for compensation but also for legal penalties under local municipal laws. In some serious cases, the dog may be deemed “dangerous” and subject to restrictions or even euthanasia.
Each municipality in BC has different rules. Learn more about the Fraser Valley Animal Control Bylaws here.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
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Assuming one bite isn’t serious – Even minor injuries can lead to significant legal consequences or long-term health effects.
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Not reporting the incident – Failing to alert authorities can hurt your claim and may allow future attacks.
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Delaying legal advice – Early consultation with a lawyer helps protect your rights and builds a stronger case.
Realistic Case Example (Fictionalised for Privacy)
Jane, a 42-year-old teacher in Burnaby, was walking in her local park when an off-leash dog jumped and bit her arm. The dog had never bitten before, but the owner had let it roam off-leash in violation of local bylaws.
Jane required stitches and missed a week of work. With legal representation, she recovered damages through the owner’s home insurance — including lost wages, medical costs, and compensation for emotional distress.
Key Takeaways
Dog bites are not just a medical issue, they are a legal issue as well. Whether you’re a victim seeking compensation or a dog owner facing a claim, understanding the law is essential. Every case depends on its facts, and local bylaws or previous dog behaviour can significantly affect liability.
Ready to Speak With a Lawyer?
If you or someone you love has been injured by a dog in BC, we’re here to help you understand your rights and options. At ALG Lawyers, our experienced team provides supportive, experienced representation to help you move you forward with your personal injury claim.
Contact us today to schedule a consultation with an experienced BC personal injury lawyer.
